Justia U.S. D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals Opinion Summaries

In 2013, the Postal Service amended its mail preparation requirements so that mail pieces prepared according to the “basic-service Intelligent Mail” standard would no longer be eligible for a discounted “automation” rate available to mailers who use technologies to increase the Postal Service’s efficiency. In subsequent rate change proceedings before the Commission, mailers objected that this change in mail preparation requirements constituted a classification change resulting in an increase in rates that must be counted against the Postal Service’s price cap. The Commission agreed and the Postal Service petitioned for review. The court held that the price cap statute and the applicable regulations do not entirely foreclose the Commission from determining that some mail preparation requirements constitute “changes in rates;" however, the Commission's decision in this case is arbitrary and capricious for lack of reasoned decisionmaking; the court remanded to the Commission to enunciate an intelligible standard and then reconsider its decision in light of that standard; and, because the changes to the Domestic Mail Manual should continue to be held in abeyance pending the outcome of the remand, it is unnecessary for the court to vacate the Commission’s decision. View "USPS v. PRC" on Justia Law

Plaintiff appealed the dismissal of her complaint for failure to effect service of process as required under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), 28 U.S.C. 1608(a)(3). In view of the resulting prejudice to plaintiff and the absence of any relevant prejudice to the Embassy of Zambia of allowing a further effort at service, the court concluded that that dismissal was too extreme a remedy because plaintiff's attempts at service came so close to strict compliance with the FSIA as to demonstrate a good faith effort at timely compliance amidst the sometimes confusing directions from the district court. Accordingly, the court reversed and remanded. View "Barot v. Embassy of Zambia" on Justia Law

Representative Charles Rangel filed suit challenging his 2010 censure by the United States House of Representatives as a violation of the House Rules and the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause. Rangel sued the former Chair, Ranking Member and Republican Members of the House Ethics Committee; the former Chief Counsel and two Committee staffers; and the current Speaker and Clerk of the House. The district court granted defendants' motion to dismiss, concluding that Rangel lacked Article III standing, the complaint presented a nonjusticiable political question, and defendants were immune from suit under the Speech and Debate Clause. The court concluded that defendants' actions fall comfortably within the scope of the Speech or Debate Clause and they enjoyed legislative immunity in this case. Accordingly, the court affirmed the district court's decision on this ground and did not consider Rangel's remaining arguments. View "Rangel v. Boehner" on Justia Law

Petitioners, large entertainment companies, sought review of the Commission's order requiring the major cable companies who were applying for merger to submit certain proprietary documents for review and proposal to make them available for examination by other players in the cable industry on an expedited schedule. The court granted the petition for review and vacated the order, concluding that the Commission has failed to overcome its presumption against disclosure of confidential information by failing to explain why VPCI is a "necessary link in a chain of evidence that will resolve an issue before the Commission." The order amounts to a substantive and important departure from prior Commission policy, and the Commission has failed to explain the departure. View "CBS Corp. v. FCC" on Justia Law

Petitioner Fallbrook Hospital petitioned for review of the Board's decision ordering it to pay negotiation expenses to the Union after the Board held that petitioner had violated Sections 8(a)(1) and (5) of the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. 158(a)(1), (5). The Board found that the totality of petitioner's conduct made it clear that there was no intent to bargain and found multiple violations of the Act based on petitioner's conduct at the bargaining table. The court concluded that the Board's decision that negotiation expenses were warranted in this case is amply supported by substantial evidence in the record and has a rational basis in the law. Accordingly, the court denied the petition for review and granted the Board's cross-petition for enforcement. View "Fallbrook Hosp. Corp. v. NLRB" on Justia Law

Teton, a nonprofit that maintains historic military aircraft, filed suit challenging the DOD's decisions that make it effectively impossible to buy surplus aircraft parts from the Department. The district court concluded that Teton lacked standing to sue because its injury was not redressable. The court concluded, however, that Teton has shown redressability where Teton has adequately demonstrated, based on the Department's past willingness to sell property of this kind and its interest in the financial benefits of such sales, that the Department will likely sell aircraft parts in the future if Teton wins the suit. Likewise, although GL is an independent party, its relationship with the Department, its incentives, and its past expressions of intent together make clear that GL would likely sell any property the Department made available for sale. Accordingly, the court reversed and remanded. View "Teton Historic Aviation Found. v. Dept. of Defense" on Justia Law

AFA petitioned for review of the FAA's Notice N8900.240, which is an internal guidance document issued to FAA aviation safety inspectors concerning the use and stowage of portable electronic devices aboard commercial and other aircraft. AFA seeks to invoke the court's jurisdiction under 49 U.S.C. 46110(a), but the FAA claims that this court lacks jurisdiction because the Notice does not constitute final agency action. The court concluded that it lacked jurisdiction to consider AFA's challenge because the disputed Notice does not reflect final action by the FAA where it does not determine any rights or obligations, or produce legal consequences. The Notice does not purport to amend any FAA regulation and it does not otherwise carry the force of law. View "Assoc. of Flight Attendants v. Huerta" on Justia Law

The Back Pay Act, 5 U.S.C. 5596(b)(1), authorizes back pay awards to employees "affected by an unjustified or unwarranted personnel action." At issue was whether Customs and Border Protection must provide a border guard, whom an arbitrator found was wrongfully denied an overtime opportunity in violation of the agency's assignment policy, with monetary compensation under the Act or whether Customs must provide the next available overtime opportunity under the agency's assignment policy. Customs argues that the Act limits the guard's remedy to the terms of the assignment policy but the Authority rejected the agency's reading of subsection (b)(4) and ruled that even if the Act limits awards to the terms of the agency's assignment policy, that policy was inapplicable in this case because it applies only in situations involving administrative error and the arbitrator had concluded that the denial of overtime was "more than a mere mistake." Customs petitioned for review. The court agreed with the Authority that it lacks jurisdiction to review the Authority's final orders. Section 7123 of the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute, 5 U.S.C. 7123(a)(1), vests the court with jurisdiction to review the Authority's final orders "other than an order...involving an award by an arbitrator." Because no exception applies, the court dismissed the petition. View "DHS v. FLRA" on Justia Law

Sunrise claimed that the federal government seized property from criminal defendant Charles Emor belonging to Sunrise. After SunRise was excluded from the criminal proceedings, SunRise filed a third-party forfeiture proceeding claiming ownership in the forfeited property and requesting a hearing to determine its interest. The district court granted the government's motion to dismiss SunRise's petition for lack of standing. The court concluded, however, that SunRise has Article III standing where it alleged that its property was taken by the government without due process; the district court improperly dismissed SunRise's claims based on an alter ego finding that the district court made at a hearing in which SunRise was not allowed to participate and SunRise has statutory standing under 21 U.S.C. 853(n)(2); and SunRise stated a valid claim of relief in order to obtain a hearing by alleging that the forfeited property at all times remained the property of SunRise. However, the court concluded that several of SunRise's claims fail as a matter of law and the district court need not consider them on remand. Accordingly, the court affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded. View "United States v. Emor" on Justia Law

After Venezuela forcibly seized oil rigs belonging to the Venezuelan subsidiary of an American corporation, both the parent and subsidiary filed suit in the United States asserting jurisdiction under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act's (FSIA), 28 U.S.C. 1604, 1605-1607, expropriation and commercial activity exceptions. The district court granted Venezuela's motion to dismiss as to the subsidiary's expropriation claim, but denied the motion in all other respects. The court concluded that the district court correctly concluded that the parent corporation had sufficient rights in its subsidiary's property to support its expropriation claim; but the district court should have allowed the claim to proceed because the subsidiary's expropriation claim is neither "wholly substantial" nor "frivolous" under this Circuit's standard for surviving a motion to dismiss in an FSIA case; and the district court should have granted the motion to dismiss with respect the commercial activity exception where the subsidiary's commercial activity had no "direct effect" in the United States, which is required by the FSIA to defeat sovereign immunity. Accordingly, the court affirmed in part and reversed in part. View "Helmerich & Payne Int'l Drilling v. Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela" on Justia Law